An edition of Fundamental philosophy
(1856)
Fundamental philosophy
Volume 2
by Jaime Luciano Balmes
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Book Details
Published in
New York
Table of Contents
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
BOOK FOURTH.
ON IDEAS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Cursory View of Sensism. 3
II. Condillac’s Statue 6
III. Difference between Geometrical Ideas and tlie Sensible Representations which accompany them 12
IV. The Idea and the Intellectual Act 15
V. Comparison of Geometrical with Non-Geometrical Ideas. 20
VI. In what the Geometrical Idea consists ; and what are its Relations with Sensible Intuition 25
VII. The Acting Intellect of the Aristotelians 29
VIII. Kant and the Aristotelians 33
IX. Historical view of the Value of Pure Ideas 42
X. Sensible Intuition 50
XI. Two Cognitions : Intuitive and Discursive 54
XII. The Sensism of Kant 57
XIII. Existence of Pure Intellectual Intuition 59
XIV. Value of Intellectual Conceptions. — Abstraction made from Intellectual Intuition 62
XV. Illustrations of the Value of General Conceptions 65
XVI. Value of Principles, independently of Sensible Intuition 68
XVII. Relations of Intuition with the rank of the Perceptive Being 11
XVIII. Aspirations of the Human Soul 11
XIX. Elements and variety of the characters of Sensible Representation 16
XX. Intermediate Representations between Sensible Intuition and the Intellectual Act 81
XXI. Determinate and Indeterminate Ideas. 84
XXII. Limits of onr Intuition 88
XXIII. Of the Necessity involved in Ideas 92
XXIV. Existence of Universal Reason 96
XXV. In what does Universal Reason consist? 99
XXVI. Remarks on the Real Foundation of Pure Possibility 102
XXVII. Individual and Intellectual Phenomena explained by the Universal Subsisting Reason 105
XXVIII. Observations on the Relation of Language to Ideas 108
XXIX. Origin and Character of the relation between Language and Ideas 112
XXX. Innate Ideas. 115
BOOK FIFTH.
IDEA OF BEING.
I. Idea of Being 125
II. Simplicity and Indeterminateness of the Idea of Being. 127
III. Substantive and Copulative Being 129
IV. Being, the Object of the Understanding, is not the Possible, Inasmuch as Possible 134
V. A Difficulty Solved 138
VI. In what Sense the Idea of Being is the Form of the Understanding 141
VII. All Science is founded in the Postulate of Existence. 143
VIII. The foundation of Pure Possibility, and the Condition of its Existence 147
IX. Idea of Negation 150
X. Identity; Distinction; Unity; Multiplicity 153
XI. Origin of the Idea of Being 155
XII. Distinction between Essence and Existence 161
XIII. Kant’s Opinion of Reality and Negation 164
XIV. Recapitulation and Consequences of the Doctrine concerning the Idea of Being 168
BOOK SIXTH.
UNITY AND NUMBER.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Preliminary Considerations on the Idea of Unity 175
II. "What is Unity? 176
III. Unity and Simplicity 180
IV. Origin of the Tendency of our Mind to Unity 183
V. Generation of the Idea of Number 181
VI. Connection of the Ideas of Number with their Signs 191
VII. Analysis of the Idea of Number in Itself and its Relations with Signs 194
BOOK SEVENTH.
ON TIME.
I. Importance and Difficulty of the Subject 201
II. Is Time the Measure of Movement? 203
III. Similarities and Differences between Time and Space 206
IV. Definition of Time 211
V. Time is Nothing Absolute 213
VI. Difficulties in the explanation of Velocity 215
VII. Fundamental Explanation of Succession 219
VIII. What is Co-existence? 223
IX. Present, Past, and Future. 226
X. Application of the preceding Doctrine to several important Questions 231
XI. The Analysis of the Idea of Time confirms its resemblance to the Idea of Space 234
XII. Relations of the Idea of Time to Experience 236
XIII. Kant’s Opinion 239
XIV. Fundamental Explanation of the Objective Possibility and of the Necessity of the Idea of Time 242
XV. Important Corollaries 243
XVI. Pure Ideal Time and Empirical Time 245
XVII. Relations of the Idea of Time and the Principle of Contradiction 247
XVIII. Summing up 254
XIX. A glance at the Ideas of Space, Number, and Time 257
BOOK EIGHTH.
THE INFINITE.
I. Transitory View of the Actual State of Philosophy 263
II. Importance and Anomaly of the Questions on the Idea of the Infinite. 268
III. Have we the Idea of the Infinite? 269
IV. The Limit 272
V. Considerations on the Application of the Idea of the Infinite to continuous quantities, and to Discrete Quantities, in so far as these last are expressed in Series 274
VI. Origin of the Vagueness and Apparent Contradictions in the Application of the Idea of the Infinite 278
VII. Fundamental Explanation of the Abstract Idea of the Infinite 281
VIII. The Definition of Infinity confirmed by Application to Extension 285
IX. Conception of an Infinite Number 289
X. Conception of Infinite Extension 292
XI. Possibility of Infinite Extension 294
XII. Solution of Various Objections against the Possibility of an Infinite Extension. 296
XIII. Existence of Infinite Extension 302
XIV. Possibility of an Actual Infinite Number 304
XV. Idea of Absolutely Infinite Being 311
XVI. All the Reality contained in Indeterminate Conceptions is affirmed of God 315
XVII. All that is not contradictory in Intuitive Ideas is affirmed of God 317
XVIII. Intelligence and the Absolutely Infinite Being 321
XIX. Summing up 324
BOOK NINTH.
ON SUBSTANCE.
I. Name and General Idea of Substance 331
II. Application of the Idea of Substance to Corporeal Objects. 333
III. Definition of Corporeal Substance 338
IV. Relation of Corporeal Substance to its Accidents 340
V. Considerations on Corporeal Substance in Itself 344
VI. Substantiality of the Human Me 347
VII. Relation of the Proposition, I Think, to the Substantiality of the Me 349
VIII. Remarks on the Soul’s Intuition of Itself. 352
IX. Kant’s Opinion of the Arguments proving the Substantiality of the Soul. 355
X. Kant’s Opinion of the Argument which he calls Paralogism of Personality. 366
XI. Simplicity of the Soul 377
XII. Kant’s Opinion of the Argument proving the Simplicity of the Soul 381
XIII. In what manner the Idea of Substance may be applied to God 394
XIV. An important Remark, and Summary 397
XV. Pantheism examined in the Order of Ideas 399
XVI. Pantheism examined in the Order of External Facts 403
XVII. Pantheism examined in the Order of Internal Facts 406
XVIII. Fichte’s Pantheistic System 409
XIX. Relations of Fichte’s System to the Doctrines of Kant 424
XX. Contradiction of Pantheism to the Primary Facts of the Human Mind 429
XXI. Rapid glances at the Principal Arguments of Pantheists. 434
BOOK TENTH.
NECESSITY AND CAUSALITY.
I. Necessity 439
II. The Unconditioned 442
III. Immutability of Necessary and Unconditioned Being 445
IV. Ideas of Cause and Effect 448
V. Origin of the Notion of Causality 451
VI. Formula and Demonstration of the Principle of Causality. 454
VII. The Principle of Precedency 457
VIII. Causality in Itself. — Insufficiency and Error of some Explanations 467
IX. Necessary and sufficient Conditions of true Absolute Causality 474
X. Secondary Causality 476
XI. Fundamental Explanation of the Origin of the Obscurity of Ideas in what relates to Causality. 479
XII. Causality of Pure Force of the Will. 483
XIII. Activity 486
XIV. Possibility of the Activity of Bodies 493
XV. Conjectures as to the Existence of Corporeal Activity 496
XVI. Internal Causality. 500
XVII. Remarks on Spontaneity 508
XVIII. Final Causality ; — Morality 513
XIX. Various Explanations of Morality 520
XX. Fundamental Explanation of the Moral Order 527
XXI. A Glance at the Work 543
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